BDAG Bibliography Expansion: Biblical Studies (25 vols.)

by John Oman; George Edmundson; Wm Menzies Alexander; J. F. Keating

and

21 more

Publishers:

Cambridge University Press; Longman; T&T Clark; Methuen & Co.

and

17 more

, 1901–1927

Overview

BDAG Bibliography Expansion: Biblical Studies (25 vols.) includes of twenty-five classic works of Biblical research that the editors of the standard Greek-English lexicon for the New Testament considered important for studying New testament vocabulary. The third edition of A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, when it was published nearly 20 years ago, represented a watershed moment for New Testament studies. When these new books ship, we plan on also updating BDAG with links to these new volumes. Users who already have BDAG in their digital library will then be able to open them directly from the citations in their lexicon.

The most well-known change was Danker’s inclusion of extended definitions. But sometimes what does not change in a new edition is as important as those that did. BDAG is also famous (and some would say “infamous”!) for the vast quantity of its citation of secondary literature. Frederick Danker, himself, believed that these citations of the secondary literature were essential for students and scholars alike. Heeding Danker’s position, all of the BDAG Bibliography Expansions aim to make it easier for contemporary students and scholars to benefit from the knowledge of the past that is so often cited in pages of BDAG.

Key Features

• Includes valuable monographs on a wide variety of New Testament topics relevant to special vocabulary in BDAG
• Discover historical and cultural topics with continued importance for biblical research
• Expands the usefulness of BDAG for research and study

Praise for BDAG's extensive citations of secondary literature

It is scarcely a mark of scholarly responsibility to excise what one has not first examined in detail for the light that Bauer must have determined a certain scholar had shed on matters discussed in a given entry. Besides, it is poor manners to misapply Matt 20:1-16 and profit from the gains of those who toiled in an earlier time, only unceremoniously to cut them off from memory. “Mortui etiam sentiunt” Swathe-cutters are honor-bound first to examine carefully all such bibliographical entries and excise primarily that which merely repeats previous discussions or has been totally superseded. If, indeed, much of the secondary literature cited by Bauer and deemed otiose was noted in commentaries, that would be an achievement warmly to be greeted, but such is not the case. At one point I was about to chop out a clump of twenty or more titles, but could not find one depository that took account of more than a third. So much for commentary backup!

—Frederick W. Danker in Biblical Greek Language and Lexicography: Essays in Honor of Frederick W. Danker

A further consideration relating to the generous citation of secondary literature is the fact that a given user of the lexicon may be able to locate at least something for further study, given varying personal or institutional bibliographic resources.On the whole, the abundant secondary literature provides the reader with a buffer against “private interpretations” and offers protective ointment against the disease of thinking that knowledge begins with the current generation.

—Frederick W. Danker in Biblical Greek Language and Lexicography: Essays in Honor of Frederick W. Danker

One of the most valuable incidental features of BAGD is the bibliographical data found at the end of many of the articles. Enterprising use of the entries cited will open the door to a vast treasure trove of critical monographs, dissertations, and journal articles, as well as pages and chapters in significant books. If the subject is soteriology, a look at ἀπολύτρωσις, σῴζω, and σταυρός will yield more than twenty-five titles.

—Frederick W. Danker in Multi-Purpose Tools for Bible Study

Few people ever use BDAG to its fullest potential. Just looking for translation glosses barely scratches the surface of the information in BDAG.

—Rodney Decker in An Introduction to the Bauer/Danker Greek-English Lexicon of the New testament

Product Details

• Title: BDAG Biblical Studies Collection (25 vols.)
• Series: BDAG Research Series
• Volumes: 25
• Pages: 6,418
• Format: Logos Research Edition
• Resource Type: Monographs
• Topic: Biblical Studies
• Resource ID: {7817B76A-1863-48B4-BFDE-78513AC55216}

The Last Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem

• Author: William Healing Cadman
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Publication Date: 1923
• Pages: 159

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Cadman presents a historical-critical survey of final events of Jesus life, traveling from Galilee to Jerusalem for the Passover. Engaging with contemporary critical discussion of the events of the gospels, Cadman argues that Jesus’s final journey represents the essential event for understanding Jesus larger mission and purpose. Focusing primarily on the Synoptic Gospels, he considers the different perspectives presented by each Gospel and insights from source criticism.

William Cadman (Rotherhithe 4 April 1883 - Da Lat, 7 December 1948) was an English missionary in Vietnam with his American wife Grace. William and his team printed the Bible in Hanoi, and his wife Grace was the primary translator of the Bible into Vietnamese, along with John Drange Olsen.

The words of Jesus considered in the light of post-Biblical Jewish writings and the Aramaic language

• Author: Gustaf Dalman
• Publisher: T&T Clark
• Publication Date: 1902
• Pages: 364

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Gustaf Dalman aims discover meaning of the words of our Lord as they must have presented themselves to the ear and mind of his Jewish hearers, on the assumption that Jesus preached in Aramaic. The author is well aware that the last word has not been said on not a few important and difficult questions treated in this volume, but his wishes will be fulfilled if his work serves to strengthen the conviction that labor in this direction is not fruitless, and must be done by many coworkers, if Christian Theology is to be brought into more precise relations with its historical basis.

Gustaf Hermann Dalman was a German Lutheran theologian and orientalist. He did extensive field work in Palestine before the First World War, collecting inscriptions, poetry, and proverbs. He pioneered the study of biblical and early post-biblical Aramaic, publishing an authoritative grammar and dictionary, as well as other works. His collection of 15,000 historic photographs and 5,000 books, including rare 16th century prints, and maps formed the basis of the Gustaf Dalman Institute at Ernst Moritz Arndt Universität, Greifswald, which commemorates and continues his work.

Demonic Possession in the New Testament

• Author: William Menzies Alexander
• Publisher: T&T Clark
• Publication Date: 1902
• Pages: 393

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Alexander considers the question of demonic possession in the New Testament to be an unsolved one. He seeks to present an investigation that explores the entirety of the topic, from comparative demonology to mental illness. Attempting to establish a set of criteria for interpreting genuine possession, he presented the subject of demon possession with a high degree of complexity than anyone before him.

William Menzies Alexander was a Scottish medical and theological writer. He was Moderator of the General Assembly for the Free Church of Scotland for 1911 and 1912.

Sacred Sites of the Gospels

• Authors: William Sanday and Paul Waterhouse
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Publication Date: 1903
• Pages: 135

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

This little book is the product of a New Testament scholar’s experience traveling in the Holy Land. The first three chapters constitute lectures that Sanday gave following his return about archaeological sites in specific locations. The volume concludes with an excellent examination of the temple of Herod by Paul Waterhouse. With images and plates include, this little volume provides a trove of useful details about the land of the New Testament.

William Sanday (1843–1920) was an Anglican theologian and priest. He served as Dean Ireland's Professor of Exegesis of Holy Scripture from 1883 until 1895 and then held the Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity from 1895 until 1919 at the University of Oxford.

An Introduction to Ecclesiastes

• Author: A. H. McNeile
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• Publication Date: 1904
• Pages: 178

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Even at the turn of the 20th century, the literature on Ecclesiastes was substantial. McNeile provides a practical, but thorough analysis of the most important interpretive questions that had garnered the attention of scholars. Oriented toward the student, McNeile has two purposes: first, to disentangle the strands which form the book, and then second, to understand the position in which the author Koheleth occupied with regard to the religious and philosophical thought of his day. McNeile also provides a miniature commentary on the Hebrew text, as well as an appendix revisiting the question of the Old Greek text.

A. H. McNeile was a fellow, dean, and theological lecturer at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He is the author of numerous books, including An Introduction to Ecclesiastes, The Increase of God, and St. Paul: His Life, Letters, and Christian Doctrine.

The Prophet of Nazareth

• Author: Nathaniel Schmidt
• Publisher: MacMillan & Co.
• Publication Date: 1905
• Pages: 432

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

In the midst of a renewal of scholarly criticism about the life of Jesus, Schmidt puts forward an account of Jesus that seeks to balance scholarship with the historical tradition of faith in Christ. Beginning with the Christ of the Creeds, Schmidt surveys how Jesus is discussed in Scripture, his relationship to Jewish Messianism, and the various important terms and phrases used to refer to him, such as “Son of Man,” Son of God,” and “The Logos.” He considers secondary sources, the Gospels and presents an account of the life and teaching of Jesus in terms of contemporary debates on the early 20th century.

Nathaniel Schmidt (May 22, 1862 – June 29, 1939[1]) was from Ithaca, New York. He was a Swedish American Baptist minister, educator and orientalist.

Sidelights on New Testament Research

• Author: J. Rendel Harris
• Publisher: Kingsgate Press
• Publication Date: 1908
• Pages: 243

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

James Rendel Harris has made many important contributions to New Testament studies. The essays included here were originally delivered at Regent’s Park College in, London in 1908 as part of the Angus Lectureship. Covering a wide collection of topics, from textual criticism to the art of conjectural emendation and even the relationship between Christianity and the larger Greco-Roman world, Harris brings his experience and thoughtful mind each of the topics presented here.

James Rendel Harris (Plymouth, Devon, 27 January 1852 – 1 March 1941) was an English biblical scholar and curator of manuscripts, who was instrumental in bringing back to light many Syriac Scriptures and other early documents.

The Teaching of Jesus about the Future according to the Synoptic Gospels

• Author: Henry Burton Sharman
• Publisher: University of Chicago Press
• Publication Date: 1909
• Pages: 391

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

The word “Future,” as used in the title, covers the time subsequent to the final separation of Jesus from his disciples. Excluded, therefore, is any discussion of Jesus’s teaching about his rejection, sufferings, death, resurrection, and appearances after the resurrection. Sharman seeks to examine every utterance about the “Future” that is credited to Jesus in the Synoptic Gospels. Because of a desire to be comprehensive, Sharman has chosen to err on the side of caution and include any passages with doubtful future reference. Topics covered include: the destruction of Jerusalem. The Day of the Son of Man, the rise of other messianic claimants, the Day of Judgment, life after death, the Kingdom of God, and the future Church.

Henry Burton Sharman was a theologian and biblical scholar. He also wrote Records of the Life of Jesus and Studies in the Life of Christ, both of which examine the parallels between the Synoptic Gospels.

Earliest Sources for the Life of Jesus

• Author: F. Crawford Burkitt
• Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Co.
• Publication Date: 1910
• Pages: 131

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Burkitt surveys a wide collection of challenges with regard to the synoptic problem, with a specific focus on the narrative portions that focus on the early life of Jesus. He considers possible “sources” that Mark might have used in writing his Gospel, as well as issues of the question of the source Q. He concludes with a brief discussion of the composition of Matthew and Luke, possible additional sources they might have used and the manner in which they used material from Mark.

Francis Crawford Burkitt, FBA was an English theologian and scholar. As Norris Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge from 1905 until shortly before his death, Burkitt was a sturdy critic of the notion of a distinct "Caesarean Text" of the New Testament put forward by B. H. Streeter and others.

The Eschatology of the Gospels

• Author: Ernst von Dobschütz
• Publisher: Hodder and Stoughton
• Publication Date: 1910
• Pages: 216

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

von Dobschütz’s book began as lectures for the summer school of theology at Oxford University in 1909. Focusing upon the significance of early Christian eschatology for the church and the interpretation of the New Testament, the four lectures examine historical questions regarding the origins of the gospels and the relevance of eschatology to the larger traditions around Jesus. He concludes with a discussion of how John’s view of Jesus differed from the synoptic gospels.

Ernst von Dobschütz was a German theologian, textual critic, author of numerous books and professor at the University of Halle, the University of Breslau, and the University of Strasbourg. He also lectured in the United States and Sweden.

Miracles in the New Testament

• Author: J. M. Thompson
• Publisher: Edward Arnold Press
• Publication Date: 1912
• Pages: 251

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Miracles in the New Testament presents a critical examination of the miracle stories of the New Testament, leading to the hypothesis that the original events underlying the miracle stories might not need to be regarded as miraculous. Additional discussion of the theological implications of the rejection of the miraculous for theology. Despite the author's criticial perspective, readers ought not simply ignore his efforts outright. Nor should readers assume that because the constructive part of the book is only a few pages it is unimportant. The needs of scholarship made inevitable that the detailed critical analysis of the miracle stories should take the most space. Criticism as subordinate to construction. There is little point in discussing the problem of miracles except as a step towards a formulation of Christian theology. The last few pages of the conclusion are meant to focus the whole argument upon what really matters our belief about God and Christ. They should, perhaps, be read first, as well as last.

James Matthew Thompson (1878-1956) was a historian and theologian. He served as a fellow and the Dean of Divinity at Magalen College at Oxford.

The Church in Rome in the First Century

• Author: George Edmundson
• Publisher: Longmans, Green and Co.
• Publication Date: 1913
• Pages: 309

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Originally presented as the Bampton Lectures for 1913, preached at the University of Oxford, Edmundson examines a variety of difficult questions related to the church in Rome to whom Paul wrote his Epistle. Looking at its founding, chronology, and history, Edumson surveys the historical context of Rome, the situation of the Jews in the city, and other issues based on texts and literature outside the New Testament. He provides an accessible, but compelling analysis of the event of the first century, as well as the larger traditions about the Roman Church that developed following the 1st century AD.

George Edmundson was a clergyman of the Church of England and academic historian of the University of Oxford at Magdalen College. He took up benefices in Northolt and Chelsea and in retirement lived in the south of France.

St. Paul and His Companions

• Author: E. Basil Redlich
• Publisher: MacMillan & Co.
• Publication Date: 1913
• Pages: 330

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

This book is a brief enquiry into the power of friendship as a factor in the life of Paul. Beginning with a chronology of Paul’s life, followed by a discussion of Luke’s account of Paul’s beginnings in Acts, each chapter examines a particular historical period of Paul’s life or particular relationships Paul had in his ministry and letters. Redlich refrains from examining the question of the authenticity of the Pauline Epistles. In fact, when so many writers of repute, for example Professor Zahn, accept the canonical Epistles as genuine, he would be a bold man who would unhesitatingly question the claim of any of the Epistles to a rightful place in the New Testament canon. The author has therefore proceeded on orthodox lines and accepted as genuine such Epistles as 2 Thessalonians, 1 and 2 Timothy, and Titus.

Edwin Basil Redlich served as the assistant curate at the Parish Church in Hampstead, England and as the Assistant Diocesan Inspector of Schools in the Diocese of London.

Love-Feasts: A History of the Christian Agape

• Author: R. Lee Cole
• Publisher: Charles H. Kelly
• Publication Date: 1916
• Pages: 300

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

The literature concerning the history of the Eucharist, or the Lord’s Supper, available for an ordinary reader is not as extensive as it could be. Cole seeks to provide an accessible, but scholarly account of the origins of the Eucharist in the context of not only Scripture, but also the history of the early Church. The Prosecution of Jesus: Its Date, History and Legality

Richard Lee Cole dedicated his career to the study of the Lord's Supper through history. He studied theology at University College Dublin.

The Prosecution of Jesus: Its Date, History and Legality

• Author: Richard Wellington Husband
• Publisher: Princeton University Press
• Publication Date: 1916
• Pages: 320

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Building on earlier work on Cicero’s work as an attorney in criminal cases, Husband argues that the best approach to understanding the trial of Jesus is through the Roman legal system rather than Jewish. Relying on research in the papyri by others, Husband holds that the trial before Pilate was the true trial and the events before the Sanhedrin were little more than the ancient equivalent of grand jury proceedings.

Richard Wellington Husband was professor of classical languages at Dartmouth College.

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Studies in Pharisaism and the Gospels, Vol. 1

• Author: I. Abraham
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• Publication Date: 1917
• Pages: 200

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Originally designed as a supplemental volume to a separate commentary, Abraham’s studies Pharisaism in the New Testament from a Jewish perspective. This theological position was not merely a historical phase, but was a driving force without a break from the centuries before the Christian era into the modern era. The Christian scholar, impregnated with Paul’s thought, might sometimes appears to find aspects of the Gospel teachings inconsistent. Thus, some regard Jesus as almost exclusively a moralist and others who treat him as almost exclusively a visionary. The Jew sees nothing inconsistent, however. The very things that make Christian commentaries useful for the Jew if he would understand the Old Testament, may make Jewish commentaries helpful to the Christian for understanding some aspects of the New Testament.

Israel Abrahams (1858-1925) is one of the most distinguished Jewish scholars of the 19th and 20th centuries. He was reading reader in Talmudics (rabbinic literature) at the University of Cambridge from 1902 until his death in 1925. From 1888 to 1908 he was editor, jointly with the Anglo-Jewish scholar Claude G. Montefiore, of the Jewish Quarterly Review. Although of strict Orthodox upbringing, Abrahams was among the founders of the Liberal movement, an Anglo-Jewish group that stressed the universality of Jewish ethics, minimized ritual and custom, and originally eschewed Zionism.

Studies in Pharisaism and the Gospels, Vol. 2

• Author: I. Abraham
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• Publication Date: 1924
• Pages: 250

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Following a positive reception of his first volume, Abraham continued with a second volume of studies of the New Testament from his own Jewish perspective. He continues in this second volume that what is needed by students of the New Testament, whether Christian or Jewish, is not polemics but exposition—not controversy, but balanced discussion. The Gospels should no more be used as a foil to Pharisaism, than the Talmud as a foil to the Gospels. Jesus, in his teaching, was not always thinking of the Pharisees. His value is depreciated by so narrowing the application or motive of his appeal. Some of his finest, his most vital, criticisms of conduct and standards of conduct tend to be cheapened when the reader is distracted by an unnecessary search for supposed Pharisaic vices.

Israel Abrahams (1858-1925) is one of the most distinguished Jewish scholars of the 19th and 20th centuries. He was reading reader in Talmudics (rabbinic literature) at the University of Cambridge from 1902 until his death in 1925. From 1888 to 1908 he was editor, jointly with the Anglo-Jewish scholar Claude G. Montefiore, of the Jewish Quarterly Review. Although of strict Orthodox upbringing, Abrahams was among the founders of the Liberal movement, an Anglo-Jewish group that stressed the universality of Jewish ethics, minimized ritual and custom, and originally eschewed Zionism.

The Pauline Idea of Faith in Its Relation to Jewish and Hellenistic Religion

• Author: William Henry Paine Hatch
• Publisher: Harvard University Press
• Publication Date: 1917
• Pages: 118

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4

Hatch examines in detail the Pauline idea of faith and its fundamental nature in the Apostle’s conception of Christianity. He seeks to provide answers to a number of questions, including: What is the content of the idea in Paul? How is faith in Paul’s writings to be related to trust in Yahweh, so prominent an element in Jewish piety? Was there anything analogous to Paul’s conception of faith in the contemporary Graeco-Roman world or Oriental mystery cults, the latter of which in the centuries around the advent of Christianity?

William Henry Paine Hatch (1875 – 1972) was an American theologian and New Testament scholar, born at Camden, New Jersey. He attended Harvard University, graduating in 1898. Afterward, he graduated the Episcopal Theological School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the General Theological Seminary in New York City. He completed his Ph.D. in 1904, also at Harvard.

The Religion and Theology of Paul

• Author: William Morgan
• Publisher: T&T Clark
• Publication Date: 1917
• Pages: 272

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Originally given as the Kerr Lectures, delivered at the United Free Church College in Glasgow in 1914 and 1915, Morgan seeks to lay out a Pauline Biblical theology. Examining an important set of topics that include two central topics: Redeemer, Christ, and his redemption of humanity and then, the meaning of life “in salvation,” and all that entails: faith and union with Christ, justification, spiritual gifts, ethics, sacraments, and several other issues.

William Morgan was professor of systematic theology and apologetics at Queen's Theological College in Kingston, Canada.

The Septuagint and Jewish Worship: A Study in Origins

• Author: Henry St. John Thackeray
• Publisher: British Academy
• Publication Date: 1921
• Pages: 154

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

The great Septuagint scholar Henry St. John Thackeray gave the Schweich Lectures in 1920, which he, then, published in this volume in an expanded form with additional appendixes. The subject was “The liturgical use of the Old Testament as a factor in exegesis.” This is a question that had not previously been worked out, as it deserves, and one on which the LXX supplies important evidence. Lecture I examines the Septuagint’s origins as a translation. Lecture II looks at the Septuagint in Jewish worship, specifically in the context of the Feast of Pentecost and the Feast of Tabernacles. Finally, Lecture III studies the relevance of the Book of Baruch, an apocryphal book originally intended for liturgical use.

Henry St. John Thackeray (1869–1930) was a British biblical scholar at King’s College, Cambridge, and an expert on Koine Greek, Josephus, and the Septuagint. His other works include The Relation of St. Paul to Contemporary Jewish Thought, The Letter of Aristeas, and Josephus: The Man and the Historian.

The Gift of Tongues

• Author: Alexander Mackie
• Publisher: George H. Doran Co.
• Publication Date: 1921
• Pages: 288

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This discussion of the gift of tongues is certainly not exhaustive, but provides, instead, a survey of tongues in the Apostolic Church, related psychological and physiological phenomena, and various historical events that have been associated with speaking tongues throughout history. The author is highly suspicious of the practice and its continuation past the era of the New Testament and regularly speaks critically of those who practice the gift.

Alexander Mackie was the minister of the Tully Memorial Presbyterian Church in Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania.

The Spirit in the New Testament

• Author: Ernest F. Scott
• Publisher: Hodder and Stoughton
• Publication Date: 1923
• Pages: 264

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

No doctrine has proved so fruitful in modern Christianity as that of the Spirit. During the 19th and 20th century, social order has undergone profound changes. Our knowledge of nature and of the process of human development has been immensely widened, and the documents of the faith have been subjected to critical inquiry, with the result that many of the old assumptions have given way. If our religion has been able to maintain itself under the altered conditions this has been chiefly due to the doctrine of the Spirit which it has inherited from the early church. The present book attempts to examine the doctrine of the Spirit as it is set forth in the New Testament. Its object is nothing more than to determine, by critical and historical methods, the nature of the New Testament doctrine and its meaning for the early church. But the New Testament must always be the starting point for our religious thought.

Ernest F. Scott was professor of New Testament criticism at Queen's Theological College in Kingston, Canada. He authored a number of books, including The Fourth Gospel: Its Purpose and Theology, and The Beginnings of the Church and The Kingdom and the Messiah.

Jesus and Judas: A Textual and Historical Investigation

• Author: J. M. Robertson
• Publisher: Watts & Co.
• Publication Date: 1927
• Pages: 260

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Roberson approaches the question of the historicity of Jesus and the gospels with a grounding in textual analysis. While he concludes negatively, his analysis represents a line of historical thought that was common at the turn of the century that anyone studying the Gospels today is obligated to come to comprehend and be able to engage with thoughtfully and accurately.

John Mackinnon Robertson (1856–1933) was a prolific journalist and Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom for Tyneside from 1906 to 1918. Robertson was best known as an advocate of the Christ myth theory. He was a regular interlocutor F. C. Conybeare on the question of the historicity of the Gospels.

Book of Revelation: Theory of the Text: Rearranged Text and Translation: Commentary

• Author: John Oman
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• Publication Date: 1923
• Pages: 180

Sample Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

John Oman presents a new theory for understanding the book of Revelation. Dissatisfied with other common means of contextualizing and interpreting this difficult piece of Scripture, Oman instead offers three positive assertions around which he builds his exegesis: the consistency and unity of thought guarantee a unity of authorship, the strength of the influence from the OT prophets, especially Daniel, and finally those things that seem abstractions to us are readily grounded in realities in the Ancient world.

John Wood Oman (1860–1939) was a British Presbyterian theologian. He attended Edinburgh University. In 1907 he received an appointment as professor systematic theology at Westminster College at Cambridge University.

The Agape and the Eucharist in the Early Church

• Author: J. F. Keating
• Publisher: Methuen & Co.
• Publication Date: 1901
• Pages: 280

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Keating investigation does not claim to have added largely to what was already known on the subject. The Eucharist has long been regarded as, if not, like Mary Queen of Scots, “the eternal enigma of history,” at least one of the obscurest of problems. Keating does not profess to have solved it. Nevertheless, he has sought to bring together illustrative sources that reference or allude to the Lord’s Supper or the Agape Feast in the early church and contemporaneous literature. Starting the New Testament, Keating examines the meal from its very origin in the Gospels and then works through history up to the third century before pausing to examine the Eucharist in the context of early church ordinances before continuing his survey in the fourth century and afterward where Christianity was institutionalized in the Roman Empire by Constantine.

John Fitzstephen Keating (1850–1911) was Canon and Chancellor of Mary's Cathedral in Edinburgh. He also served as Principle of the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church.