The Judaism of Jesus and Paul looked drastically different than the Judaism of Malachi at the close of the Old Testament. Over the 400 years known as the intertestamental period, political power shifted from Persia to Rome—the language, culture, and spiritual conditions of the world changed accordingly.
This tumultuous era, though often ignored, is vitally important to anyone engaging in serious Bible study. Learn the rich history of this period. Discover the writings of the Old Testament Apocrypha and gain insight into the cultural background of the New Testament. Prolific author and scholar Dr. David deSilva focuses his course on the Apocrypha, showing you how these writings influenced the authors of the New Testament and early Christianity. Dr. Joel Willitts, associate professor of biblical and theological Studies, surveys the history and literature of the Second Temple period, helping you read the New Testament in its proper context.
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Resource Type: Courseware, including transcripts and video resources
Courses: 1
Video Hours: 18
BI291 The Apocrypha: Witness between the Testaments
Instructor: David A. deSilva
Video hours: 8
In this course, distinguished scholar Dr. David deSilva provides you with an introduction to the Old Testament Apocrypha. Become familiar with the setting and content of books such as 1–4 Maccabees, Judith, Baruch, the Wisdom of Solomon, and more. Understand how these writings influenced the writers of the New Testament and the early church, and how they provide us with valuable insight into the Judaism of the time of Christ.
Contents:
The Apocrypha: A General Introduction
The Books of the Apocrypha: 1 Esdras and the Wisdom of Ben Sira
The Books of the Apocrypha: 1 and 2 Maccabees
The Books of the Apocrypha: Judith and 2 Esdras
The Books of the Apocrypha: Tobit, Susanna, and Baruch
The Books of the Apocrypha: Letter of Jeremiah, Bel and the Dragon, Wisdom of Solomon, and Greek Esther
The Books of the Apocrypha: 3 and 4 Maccabees
The Books of the Apocrypha: Prayer of Manasseh, Psalm 151, and More Additions to Daniel
Sketches of the Impact of the Apocrypha
The Apocrypha in the Christian Church and Canon
Dr. David A. deSilva is the trustees’ distinguished professor of New Testament and Greek at Ashland Theological Seminary in Ohio, where he’s taught since 1995. He’s written over 20 books in the areas of New Testament and Second Temple Judaism.
NT202 A Survey of Jewish History and Literature from the Second Temple Period
Instructor: Joel Willitts
Video hours: 10
In this course, Dr. Joel Willitts guides you through key historical moments and literary works of the Second Temple period. Discover the history between Israel’s return from Babylonian exile, beginning in 583 BC, and the destruction of the Jerusalem temple in AD 70. Develop an understanding of the beliefs of Jewish groups such as the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes. Survey a vast array of Second Temple literature, from the Old Testament Apocrypha to the writings of Philo and Josephus.
Contents:
Introduction
Introducing the Speaker and the Course
Unit 1: History of the Second Temple Period: Persian and Greek Rule
Overview
Accessing Second Temple Literature in Logos
Babylonian Exile
Persian and Second Temple Period
Returnees: Zerubbabel and Ezra
Returnees: Nehemiah and Samaria
Keeping Track of Second Temple Resources with Favorites
Alexander the Great and the Rise of Hellenism
Alexander’s Successors: Seleucids and Ptolemies
Unit 2: History of the Second Temple Period: The Hasmonean Kingdom
Maccabean Revolt and Rise of the Hasmoneans
Hasmonean Army
Early Hasmonean Kingdom
Middle Hasmonean Kingdom: The Seleucid Connection
Middle Hasmonean Kingdom: Aristobulus I
Late Hasmonean Kingdom
Final Stages of the Hasmonean Kingdom
Unit 3: History of the Second Temple Period: Jewish Sectarian Groups
Introduction to Jewish Sectarian Groups
Studying Jewish Religious Groups in Logos
Pharisees: The Separate Ones
Pharisees: Respect for Simple Living, Logic, and the Oral Tradition
Pharisees: Theological Summary
Sadducees: Derived from a Priestly Family
Sadducees: Argumentative and Self-Serving
Sadducees: Pragmatists, Opportunists, Survivors
Pharisees and Sadducees in the New Testament
Essenes: Urban Ascetics
Essenes: Distinctive Practices
Essenes: Distinctive Beliefs
Samaritans
Unit 4: History of the Second Temple Period: The Roman Empire
Roman Annexation of Palestine
Exploring Second Temple People and Events
Emergence of the Herodian Kingdom
Herod’s Building Projects
Herod’s Death
Herod’s Successors and Direct Roman Rule of Judaea
Herod Antipas and Pontius Pilate
First Jewish Revolt
Unit 5: Corpus of Literature from the Second Temple Period
Introduction to Second Temple Literature
Old Testament Apocrypha
Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
Dead Sea Scrolls
Philo of Alexandria
Flavius Josephus
Ancient Greek Translations
Aramaic Targums
Mishnah and the Rabbinic Sages
Unit 6: Texts of the Dispersion
Introduction to Selected Second Temple Texts
Tobit: An Outline of the Story
Tobit: Historical and Theological Observations
Additions to Daniel: Susanna
Additions to Daniel: Bel and the Dragon
Additions to Daniel: Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Young Men
Letter of Jeremiah
Studying Idolatry in the Apocrypha, Old Testament, and New Testament
Unit 7: Texts Engaging Hellenism
Introduction to the Enoch Literature, Part 1
Introduction to the Enoch Literature, Part 2
Book of the Luminaries: The Schema of the Cosmos
Book of the Luminaries: Wrong Calendar Yields Wrong Worship
Book of the Watchers: Disorder Is Evil
Book of the Watchers: Judgment and Explanations
Book of the Watchers: Theological Topics
Wisdom of Ben Sira: Overview
Wisdom of Ben Sira: Topics Discussed
Unit 8: Apocalyptic Texts
Introducing Apocalypticism and Apocalyptic Literature
Researching Apocalyptic Literature with the Factbook and Sermon Starter Guide
Jubilees
Book of Dreams
Using Reading Plans to Read Second Temple Literature
Unit 9: Texts Engaging the Hasmonean Dynasty
Baruch
Judith
1 Maccabees
Finding and Understanding “Zeal” in Scripture
2 Maccabees
Epistle of Enoch
Unit 10: Dead Sea Scrolls
Discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls
Identifying the Dead Sea Scrolls
What Are the Dead Sea Scrolls?
Three Basic Beliefs of the Scroll Community
Finding Information on the Davidic Messiah with Proximity Search
Unit 11: Examples of Sectarian Texts of the Dead Sea Scrolls
The Rule Scrolls
The Halakhic Letter
The War Scroll
Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice
The Thanksgiving Hymn
The Temple Scroll
The Aramaic Apocalypse
PesherInterpretation
Unit 12: Texts of the Egyptian Jewish Diaspora
The Letter of Aristeas and the Septuagint
Wisdom of Solomon
Unit 13: In the Wake of Herod and the Romans
2 Enoch
Psalms of Solomon
Psalms of Solomon 17
Similitudes of Enoch
Unit 14: In the Wake of the First Jewish War
4 Ezra
2 Baruch
Mishnah
Connecting Scripture with Ancient Literature
Conclusion
Summary
Dr. Joel Willitts is a professor in the biblical and theological studies department at North Park University. He has researched and published several books, essays, and journal articles on the New Testament’s Jewish context.